Frankenstein by Mary Shelley Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Frankenstein by Mary Shelley - Essay Example The plot of the story plays a significant role in presenting the gothic aspect of the novel. Frankenstein succeeds in his aim when he creates a human, but when sees the outcome of his experiment, he is utterly disappointed. When the live human comes out of the machine his monster like appearance makes Victor to abhor his creation. â€Å"When I thought of him, I gnashed my teeth, my eyes became inflamed, and I ardently wished to extinguish that life which I had so thoughtlessly made.† (Shelly 100). The monster disappears and then reappears in Geneva killing Victor's brother, William Frankenstein and that sets off a series of killings, leading to a tragic end for all characters. Victor creates a female or romantic companion for the Monster, so they can live together. However, he kills that female companion, fearing about the repercussions of that creation. Monster as a form of revenge cut shorts Victor’s romance by killing his lover and bride, Victoria on the wedding nigh t. Thus, the romance of both Victor and Monster faces violent and tragic ends, due to the actions of each other. The existence of supernatural being in the form of Monster and its destructive powers which results in the tragic end to the romantic affairs of both the Monster and Victor, brings forth the elements of gothic romance. The other gothic convention utilized in the novel is the gloomy manner in which the nature is depicted. The descriptions of natural settings throughout the novel follow the genre of Gothic Romance. When Victor decides to bring an end to the ruin caused by the monster created by him, he follows the monster in the icy regions of the Arctic. In course of his chase, the nature is described by him and the monster in a way which terrifies the human mind.   The monster’s inscriptions in the bark of the trees reveal the extreme nature prevalent in the region, he is heading for. â€Å"Follow me; I seek the everlasting ices of the north, where you feel the misery of cold and frost, to which I am impassive.† (Shelley 244). Nature is presented in its darkest aspects, as it brings hardships to human beings and terrorizes their mind. Nature made it more difficult for Victor to pursue the monster. The structure of the novel also adheres to the form of Gothic Romance. The story in the novel is presented through letters and journal entries, which was a common aspect in various Gothic romances.   Ã‚  Ã‚  The work Frankenstein is a Gothic romance which incorporates some elements of science fiction as well. The creation of a human being by Victor in the novel resembles the workings of a science fiction. Shelley is influenced by the political turmoil that prevailed during her time and her experience of this unrest is reflected in the character of Victor and plot of the novel. A scientific experiment causes a serious of horrific events in the novel. â€Å"Frankenstein's brilliance created a new organism-his abandonment, however, created a monster.† (Shackleford). The monster that is brought to life by a scientist evokes fear and lends Gothic effect to the novel. Victor, who creates the monster, is tormented by his own creation. â€Å"Frankenstein’s monster stands for technology that runs out of control out of control, that destroys its human creature.† (Potts & Murphie 99). Science fictions depict scientific

To What Extent are Stock Market Anomalies Evidence of Market Essay

To What Extent are Stock Market Anomalies Evidence of Market Inefficiency - Essay Example Eugene Fama has taken the specific asset pricing model such as the APT (Asset Pricing Theory and the CAPM (Capital Asset Prising Model) as the standard paradigm. Since the stock prices of different firm over the markets is different, i.e. the market value for the riskier stocks are low providing higher rate of return and vice-versa but in a cross section market the inverse will be applicable. Thus based on the evaluation made by Fama we can analyse the factors responsible for the stock markets anomalies resulting from market inefficiency (Keim & Ziemba, 2000, pp.92-94) Momentum and Overreaction anomalies Through momentum of anomalies the short-term pattern of share pricing of the companies. According to the theory lead by Werner DeBondht and Richard Thaler the over reaction of investors to the public information is completely unnecessary as the stock prices are evaluated according to the past performance of the stock market which may not portray the true picture of the market informa tion. Thus the stock prices with inflated or depressed pricing may result in realising good or bad information which cannot be depended upon. Through the implementation of the overreaction strategy the investors were suggested to buy the â€Å"loser† portfolios while selling off the â€Å"winner† portfolios. But again a contradiction arises related to the weak-form of efficiency of the securities tends to earn high returns not only in the short-term but also in the subsequent periods. However the existence of the momentum is rational not contradicting the market efficiency due to the fact that that the presence of shocks in the growth rates of the cash flows of the shareholders which is induced to the serial correlation that is not only short lived but also rational (McMillan, et al., 2011, p.contents). Inferences from long term returns According to the inferences drawn by Fama is that the market efficiency of the market is based on the joint model testing for the expe cted normal returns. The problem that arises with the expected normal return whose description provided for the systematic pattern is incomplete related to the average returns during the testing period resulting in a bad-model problem. A bad model problem results in spurious average abnormal return which tends to become the CARs (Cumulative Abnormal Returns) because of the mean associated with the CAR increases summing to the standard error. Constant pricing errors can be seen in the ARRs (Average of monthly abnormal returns) with the respective standard error. Bad modelling problems are the main reason behind the long-term buy and hold abnormal returns which results in the multiplication of the expected return problem related to the short-term return explanation. Problems related to modelling The problems related to the modelling of the bad-model are of two types; the first is that the asset pricing model of any kind does not completely describe the expected return from the market. In a particular market is tilted towards the small stocks then in the calculation of the CAPM the risk adjustments made can project false returns. Even in the case of the true model where the deviation from the model are predicted a situation of spurious anomaly can arise after the risk adjustmen