Tiffany Jones Essay Example For Students

Tiffany Jones Essay ENC 1101-54Issues: Sex, Race, Politics, and ReligionFinal DraftYES TO NUMBER 1!!!I remember being at work one day when one of my co- workers approachedme in tears. She had just found out that her only daughter would no longerbe able to bare children. It turns out that her seventeen year old daughterhad had three previous abortions without her knowledge. So now my co-workerwill never know the joy of biological grandchildren and her daughter willnever know the joy of biological children. With Election Day inching nearerand nearer, the question on the minds of most Americans and Floridians iswhether to vote for Bush or Kerry? I would like to pull you away from thedaunting task of trying to decide who you want to be your next presidentand push you into one of the issues that is also going to be on theballots. The issue that I would like to discuss is the proposed amendmentone. Amendment one deals with parental notification of the termination of aminors pregnancy. In other words the paren ts or guardian of a minor mustbe notified before an abortion can proceed. Before a minor, a child underthe age of 18, can do just about anything they must have the consent oftheir parents, but not when it comes to them having an abortion. Childrenare not mature enough to make many of their own decisions, but they aremature enough to make such a life-changing conclusion on their own? It hasalready been decided that it is the womans choice to have an abortion ornot so this amendment does not ask for parental consent just parentalnotification. Once you have decided on Bush or Kerry I would like you togive some consideration not to taking away the privacy rights of minors,but protecting the rights of their parents and voting YES for AmendmentOne. We will write a custom essay on Tiffany Jones specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now Opponents of this amendment say that Amendment one violates a minorsright to privacy. If this is the case then when a parent gives consent forany other activity it is also violating that right. So what are the parentsthere for? Every other decision that minor makes, or involves a minor mustfirst go through their parents. Here in the state of Florida before a minorcan get a piercing or even a tattoo they need authorized permission fromthe parent. Piercing and tattoos are far more minor situations yet andstill the parent must first give consent. Now it is more than obvious thatabortion is not a minor surgical procedure. If done improperly or even tooften then there is a chance that the mother may not be able to havechildren in the long run, not to mention the other physical, emotional andspiritual trials and tribulations that are involved with such a majorsurgical procedure. With such high risk involved the parent or guardian ofa minor having this operation should at least have knowled ge of thisprocedure. When a minor goes to the doctor for any other medical analysis,diagnostic, or even treatment parental consent must first be given. Theparent of that minor has to sign a form stating that it is alright for thedoctor to perform such procedures. So the parent must give consent for aprocedure that could very well save their childs life but for a procedurethat could harm their child and grandchild the parent doesnt even have tobe notified? Now if the law is passed it is not saying that the parent mustgive consent it is just stating that they must first be informed. .u8dfb226492c3d3bb65ebf6c3ad852ac9 , .u8dfb226492c3d3bb65ebf6c3ad852ac9 .postImageUrl , .u8dfb226492c3d3bb65ebf6c3ad852ac9 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u8dfb226492c3d3bb65ebf6c3ad852ac9 , .u8dfb226492c3d3bb65ebf6c3ad852ac9:hover , .u8dfb226492c3d3bb65ebf6c3ad852ac9:visited , .u8dfb226492c3d3bb65ebf6c3ad852ac9:active { border:0!important; } .u8dfb226492c3d3bb65ebf6c3ad852ac9 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u8dfb226492c3d3bb65ebf6c3ad852ac9 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u8dfb226492c3d3bb65ebf6c3ad852ac9:active , .u8dfb226492c3d3bb65ebf6c3ad852ac9:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u8dfb226492c3d3bb65ebf6c3ad852ac9 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u8dfb226492c3d3bb65ebf6c3ad852ac9 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u8dfb226492c3d3bb65ebf6c3ad852ac9 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u8dfb226492c3d3bb65ebf6c3ad852ac9 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u8dfb226492c3d3bb65ebf6c3ad852ac9:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u8dfb226492c3d3bb65ebf6c3ad852ac9 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u8dfb226492c3d3bb65ebf6c3ad852ac9 .u8dfb226492c3d3bb65ebf6c3ad852ac9-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u8dfb226492c3d3bb65ebf6c3ad852ac9:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Photosynthesis EssayWhen a young girl becomes pregnant a lot of the times she is feelingalone and confused and even more so scared. Not only scared of having thebaby but scared of what their parents might think, say, or even do assumingthey were to find out. By getting an abortion they feel as though no onehas to know and their parents wont be angry, disappointed or ashamed ofthem. If these girls knew that their parents would find out about theirpregnancy regardless of whether or not they were to get an abortion itmight make it a little easier for them to confront their parents abouttheir pregnancy. In this situation many young women, even older women, arenot quite sure wh at to do and still are in desperate need of guidance, andtheir parents are usually more than willing to give it. In many instancesthe parent can essentially change the girls perception on aborting theirunborn child. However there are circumstances where parents are not quiteso understanding of their childs decision making. There are somesituations where the young girl is abused, whether it is physical ormental, or kicked out of the home after their parents become aware of theirpregnancy. Though this type of situation does not happen often it doeshappen. If this were the case then there are ways to have the parentnotification waived by providing a third party or judicial bypass tointervene on the behalf of the minor. It is not fair to force a child intomaking a decision that could very well change her life, while she is scaredand alone. This amendment does not ask for consent it just protects theparents right to protect and guide their daughters in making the rightdecision during suc h a critical time in their lives. Many opponents of this amendment are just against abortion alltogether. It has already been decided that, whether morally right or wrong,the decision to have an abortion is ultimately up to the impregnated woman. This amendment is not saying that abortion is morally right it is justsaying that the parents have a right to know about it. Those that might beagainst this amendment would say that this law is a way to try and limitthe access to abortions. That is not the direct intent of this amendmenthowever it is a hopeful outcome. They may also say that it would forceyoung girls to seek abortions in other ways like traveling out of state,seeking to have the procedure performed by doctors that are willingregardless of the law, or even performing self-inflicted abortions. Unfortunately this is a possibility. This type of back-alley procedure isalmost inevitable with any sort of restriction on abortion. When peoplewant to do something they will do it regardless of what the law says. During the prohibition there was moonshine and even today there is thestill the sale of illegal drugs. There are going to be those who try andevade the law but that does not keep the law from trying to protect thepeople. Though this amendment is a way to reduce the number of abortions itis not the only way. Now the amendment is allowing the parents to benotified prior to the abortion, but there should be some measures takenbefore we get into this situation. Parents want to be informed if theirchild is seeking an abortion, but they need to take a few steps to helpprevent the pregnancy in the first place. Parents should take time early onto communicate and teach their children, not just their daughters, aboutsex and the results that could come of it. Talking to children early onabout what to do in the event that they do become pregnant may eliminatethe need to have this law passed. Parents not only need to teach theirdaughters about what to do in the event of an unwanted pregnancy, but theyalso need to develop a relationship with their daughters so their daughterswill not be afraid or ashamed to tell them about what is going on in theirlives. .u483520aa81527f9ed64b4868f83211d5 , .u483520aa81527f9ed64b4868f83211d5 .postImageUrl , .u483520aa81527f9ed64b4868f83211d5 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u483520aa81527f9ed64b4868f83211d5 , .u483520aa81527f9ed64b4868f83211d5:hover , .u483520aa81527f9ed64b4868f83211d5:visited , .u483520aa81527f9ed64b4868f83211d5:active { border:0!important; } .u483520aa81527f9ed64b4868f83211d5 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u483520aa81527f9ed64b4868f83211d5 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u483520aa81527f9ed64b4868f83211d5:active , .u483520aa81527f9ed64b4868f83211d5:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u483520aa81527f9ed64b4868f83211d5 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u483520aa81527f9ed64b4868f83211d5 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u483520aa81527f9ed64b4868f83211d5 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u483520aa81527f9ed64b4868f83211d5 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u483520aa81527f9ed64b4868f83211d5:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u483520aa81527f9ed64b4868f83211d5 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u483520aa81527f9ed64b4868f83211d5 .u483520aa81527f9ed64b4868f83211d5-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u483520aa81527f9ed64b4868f83211d5:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: The Catcher In The Rye Essay SacrificeThey cant vote, they cant smoke or drink, they cant even go on aschool field trip without the permission from their parents and yet theycan kill the very life that grows inside them without telling a soul. Itdoesnt matter if you are for or against abortion. Whether you think it ismorally right or not is not the question at hand. The question is if aminor has to get permission for every other decision that they make, whythen is it legally right for them to make such a huge life alteringdecision without letting their parents know that they are even consideringit. The amendment does not ask the minor to obtain the parents permissionto get an abortion just that someone tell them that their daughter is aboutto get one. I know the opponents want to ensure that the minors right toprivacy is not violated but what about the parents right to raise,protect, teach and guide their children. Vote YES for Amendment 1.

Internet Privacy Essays - Internet Privacy, Privacy, Medical Privacy

Internet Privacy Essays - Internet Privacy, Privacy, Medical Privacy Internet Privacy One of the most important advances in the rapidly developing world of electronic commerce is the ability of companies to develop personalized relationships with their customers. Personalization empowers companies to better understand their customers' wants and desires and improve customer service by tailoring offerings to the unique needs of individuals . At the same time, this has become a subject of hot controversy because the technology involves the extensive collection and use of personal data. Many, if not most, online shoppers and surfers are not aware of the extent of how much and what kind of info can be gathered about a person, even someone who is just visiting and not shopping or signing up for anything. Through the use of the cookie technology, a person's movement through the Web can be tracked to provide information. Using cookies a website assigns each individual a unique identifier (but not the actual identity), so that the he may be recognized in subsequent visits to the site. On each return visit, the site can call up user-specific information, which could include the consumer's preferences or interests, as indicated by documents the consumer accessed in prior visits or items the consumer clicked on while in the site. Websites can also collect information about consumers through hidden electronic navigational software that captures information about site visits, including web pages visited and information downloaded, the types of browser used, and the referring websites' Internet addresses. The result is that a website about gardening that Jane Doe that could sell not only her name to mail-order companies, but also the fact that she spent a lot of time one Saturday night last month reading about how to fertilize roses. More disturbing scenarios along the same lines could be imagined. However, although concern about privacy and security has long been the biggest issue with online shoppersparticularly with the sanctity of their identification-related informationa majority do not mind their behavior being watched if it allows their shopping experience to be customized. According to the 1999 Personalized Marketing and Privacy on the Net: What Consumers Want survey conducted by the non-profit research firm Privacy and American Business, 61 percent of the 474 Internet users surveyed said that they would be positive toward receiving banner ads tailored to their personal interests rather than receiving random ads. This represents about 56 million adult users interested in such personalization. In addition, 68 percent of the users also said that they would provide personal information in order to receive tailored banner ads, on the condition that notice and opt-out are provided . The study seems to back the e-commerce firms who are watching online behavior to provide customized shopping experiences, and not privacy advocates who say that this practice is an invasion of privacy. It is the purpose for gathering the information, it would seem, that is the key to drawing the line between acceptable personalization and invasion of privacy. This is why it is important to many shoppers that a site have a privacy policy that explains what information is gathered and how it is being used, before they relinquish their information. However, according to the 1999 Georgetown Internet Privacy Policy Survey, 94% of the top 100 websites post privacy policies, and 66% of the overall websites post privacy policies . These figures sound reassuring but the exact definition of the privacy policies in themselves remains to be questioned. The 1998 Federal Trade Commission report on Internet privacy, Privacy Online: A Report to Congress outlined five criteria by which a commercial website can be said to have a truly comprehensive privacy policy. Known as the Fair Information Practice Principles, they are notice/awareness, choice/consent, access/participation, integrity/security, and enforcement/redress . In other words, websites should notify consumers that they're collecting personal information and that the consumers can choose whether to provide it. The report-the result of a three-year study of 1,400 websites targeted at consumers-also censured the e-commerce industry for not adequately protecting private information, stating that the vast majority of online businesses have yet to adopt even the most fundamental fair information practice.... It also criticized the industry's voluntary guidelines, stating that with limited exception, contain none of the enforcement mechanisms needed for an effective self-regulatory

Asthma Essays (191 words) - Respiratory Therapy, Asthma, Free Essays

What Is Asthma? sthma (AZ-ma) is a chronic (long-term) lung disease that inflames and narrows the airways. Asthma causes recurring periods of wheezing (a whistling sound when you breathe), chest tightness, shortness of breath, and coughing. The coughing often occurs at night or early in the morning. sthma affects people of all ages, but it most often starts during childhood. In the United States, more than 22 million people are known to have asthma. Nearly 6 million of these people are children. verviewhe airways are tubes that carry air into and out of your lungs. People who have asthma have inflamed airways. This makes the airways swollen and very sensitive. They tend to react strongly to certain inhaled substances. When the airways react, the muscles around them tighten. This narrows the airways, causing less air to flow into the lungs. The swelling also can worsen, making the airways even narrower. Cells in the airways may make more mucus than normal. Mucus is a sticky, thick liquid that can further narrow your airways. This chain reaction can result in asthma symptoms. Symptoms can happen each time the airways are inflamed

Business-Level and Corporate-Level Strategies Assignment - 5

Business-Level and Corporate-Level Strategies - Assignment Example The company’s success cannot be attributed to serendipity; rather, the effectiveness of the management of Coca-Cola has facilitated the eloquent positioning in regards to competition. In essence, the management of the company has put in place strategies, both in the corporate-level and in the business-level, in order to ensure that the company is flourishing. The separation of these two critical levels of strategies is salient to the long-term performance and organization. The objective of business-level strategy is to create a value that appeals to the customer without compromising the cost-efficiency of the producing the value. In other words, business-level strategy focuses on how the company will satisfy the needs of the target customers in the existing market through meeting their needs accordingly and thus being competitively advantaged. On the other hand, corporate-level strategy focuses on the strategy of the organization in it’s entirely. Whereas the business-l evel strategy focuses on a single business unit, the corporate-level strategy focuses on the entire portfolio of the organization’s business. Corporate-level strategy involves deciding the products and markets that the company will venture into (Carroll and Buchholtz, 2014). In this discussion, the business-level and corporate-level strategies employed by Coca-Cola Company will be addressed, as well as the how these strategies differ from the principal Competition, PepsiCo, and in different market situations. In the business-level, Coca-Cola has complied with Michael Porter’s three generic strategies of attaining competitive advantage. On the first note, Coca-Cola employs a differentiation strategy in its bid to separate and make itself unique from other companies in the market. It is evident in the unique design used in the packaging bottles. In fact, the

Reponse to a Shakespeare Play Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Reponse to a Shakespeare Play - Essay Example In essence, it leaves only one villain for the story who can be blamed for the tragedy and that is fate. It can be shown with the evidence present in the play that fate is the villain of the story and thus with fate lies the blame for the tragedy. The first instance where we know that fate will have a hand in this tragedy comes from the prologue itself where we are told that the lovers are â€Å"star-crossd† which essentially means that their futures have been completely determined by their fate. Spoken by the Chorus, the prologue foreshadows what is to happen in the play and it does not mention any other person responsible for the tragedy than fate itself (Nevo, 1969). Of course we know that the Capulets and the Montagues have a bitter feud between them but we are also told that this feud will be removed soon albeit with the death of their children. Of course this does not happen before a fare share of other characters in the play have died. For example, in Act 3, Scene 1, Mercutio is killed by Tybalt and Tybalt himself is slain by Romeo after which Romeo has to flee the city. This course of events prompts Romeo to cry out and say, â€Å"O, I am fortunes fool! (Act 3, Scene 1)†. Romeo seems quite aware of fortune playing tricks on him and fate controlling his destiny. Learning about Juliet’s death and knowing that he could do nothing to bring her back does not lessen his love and he remarks, â€Å"Then I defy you, stars! (Act 5, Scene 1)† showing his intent to take some disastrous step which would seal both their fates. â€Å"Romeo and Juliet is an tissue of improbably coincidences: Capulet’s illiterate servant happens by mere chance to ask Romeo to read the list of those invited to his master’s entertainment; Romeo, by a most unusual chance, decides to attend his arch-enemies’ festivities, and so chances to fall in love with Juliet; at just this time the Prince chances to make a stringent

Influence of the global crisis on Russia in 2008 Essay Example for Free

Influence of the global crisis on Russia in 2008 Essay The recent global crisis has been a turning point in the economies of many countries. Its origin can be traced back to the economic meltdown that hit the USA starting the year 2007. The crisis was mainly felt across the world thereafter due to the economic influence of the countries that it later hit. The main cause of this crisis was cited as the lending of money to the different sectors with less pragmatic actions. These had been pegged on the expectations by economists that the money from sectors such as real estate and stocks would go up or remain steady. The ripple effect was thus reflected on countries whose economies were dependent on the countries from which the crisis started. The prices of crude oil had just fallen drastically after an increase in production from countries like Kuwait and Saudi Arabia. This, consequentially, reduced the demand for oil and other petroleum products. Sestanovich and Kennan (2008) opine that the situation in Russia had been made more complex by the fact that its economy largely depends on the sale of oil and gas. These are the primary exports that mainly run the economy of Russia. The prices dropped drastically from $147- $38 due to the fall in demand and prices after an intervention by the oil producing countries. This meant tat the economy of Russia had to slow down due to a slower inflow of cash into the economy. Economists therefore pointed out that the reliance on oil and gas that has characterised the Russian economy was the major cause of the drastic effect of the global crisis. The other cause of the crisis was the intervention of Russia in the war between Georgia and Ossetia. This is due to the fact that many countries that did not approve of the manner in which the intervention was carried out protested by withdrawing their investments in Russia. Consequently, the outflow of cash caused a crisis in the banking sector of Russia. The direct effect of the crisis is that the country was forced to scale down on its expenditure. This was due to the fact that the economy of Russia is not industry-based as much as to enable it to survive the crisis. Therefore, the government went out of its way to support the sectors that it felt would be most vulnerable. The priority fell on the financial sector. A consequence is that the deviation of resources from important projects caused an increase in poverty. This came as a result of lay-offs and a severe decrease in incomes. The purchasing power of citizens thus shot down significantly. The attempt by the government to address the crisis by bailing out the financial sector slowed down the rate of growth and thus the GDP went down. The growth of near 12% that had been projected before fell to 5. 6%. There was an increase in interest rates on loans that locked out the middle and mostly lower class citizens. The activity in the stock market was seriously affected. Stocks dropped by nearly 70% causing uncertainty in the markets. This was another big cause of outflow of foreign investments. The use of reserves was imminent as the withdrawal of foreign investments decreased foreign currencies that were available. Consequently, the government had to start using its reserves, critically reducing it to dangerous levels. The credit that the government owed its trading partners came into focus. Moscow had failed to come up with concrete means of paying back its credits. In as much as it finally paid back all it owed to other economies, its capital base had been reduced to a bare minimum. The crisis had wrecked havoc on the Russian economy and it was a matter of time before the country went into a some form of dependence on foreign aid – an issue the political class had not imagined in a very long while and had done all it could to stop it. None the less, the economy survived the crisis somehow. To address the crisis, the government took several steps to make sure that it did not harm the economy further. The first step was to start production of goods that the foreign investors had been producing in Russia. This was aimed at reducing reliance on foreign countries. The political class, which had been praised for its former policies that ensured the country conserved more than it spent, decided to hold briefs where they would address different issues. First in line was the influence of the US on the global economy. Dmitry Medvedev, Russia’s President, urged the US to ease its chokehold on the global economy as this would mean that other economies that depended on it largely suffer any time its economy does. The political class also reached an agreement that countries that are of interest should be trading partners with Moscow as it also increases economic influence and strategic positioning politically. In dealing with the rising cases of poverty, the government came up with policies that would go a long way in ensuring that housing and education would effectively be subsidised so as to relieve the citizens of heavy expenses on the two areas. This had been necessitated by the decrease in the people’s ability to purchase basic goods and services. A stimulus package was also organised to augment other interventions that had been organised for in the labour market. An example of how this was to be implemented was the unemployment benefits, coming up with ways through which the unemployed could be given temporary jobs and even organising workshops to enhance employee skills while at work. With the keen and pragmatic moves planned by the government, Russia was able to lift itself out of the global economic crisis. This would in the subsequent year prove to be a boost to its economy as dependency had been cut down to necessary levels while increasing production of goods from within. The dependence Russia has on petroleum products like oil and gas is thus slowly going down. Sestanocich Kennan (2008) claim that the government of Russia should not back down on courting international interests as it had started before the crisis. This is due to the fact that international relations increase chances of obtaining favourable trade partners. However, the relations that Russia had with most powerful nations had been drastic on their capacities to gain many partners to trade with. This had reflected on the how fast the countries that had invested in Russia wanted out once Russia started sinking in the crisis and when it decided to intervene in the conflict between Georgia and Ossetia. After grappling with the effects, Russia came out stronger and more economically independent. A reliance on oil and gas had also started going down as other industries had been forced to provide home-grown solutions to lack of critical goods. In conclusion, the global crisis had so many economies shattered. This stemmed from the influence the economy of the US had on the global economy. Russia, as a country, experienced it in the worst form as it came at a time when the petroleum industry was not performing well. In as much as the crisis ravaged its economy, the immediate and near-comprehensive action taken by the government reduced the results faster than thought. Apart from the crisis that Russia experienced in the year 1998, the 2008 one proved to be very costly. This is as a result on the expectations its citizens had after a good run in the global crude oil prices. The leadership of Russia has in effect been forced to look at a wider range of industries that the economy can rely on so as to spread risks. Finally, the global crisis, according to economists, did not reduce the economic influence that Russia had gained in the period before the crisis.

Plessy vs. Ferguson :: essays research papers

Plessy vs.Ferguson   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The case of Plessy vs. Ferguson started when a 30-year-old colored shoemaker named Homer Plessy was put in jail for sitting in the white car of the East Louisiana Railroad on June 7, 1892. Even though Plessy was only one-eighths black and seven-eighths white, he was considered black by Louisiana law. Plessy didn’t like this idea, and so he went to court and argued in the case of Homer Adolph Plessy v. The State of Lousiana that the Separate Car Act, which forced segregation of train cars, violated the Thirteenth and Fourteenth Amendments to the Constitution. The Thirteenth Amendment was made in order to abolish slavery, while the object of the Fourteenth Amendment was to enforce the absolute equality of the two races before the law. The name of â€Å"Ferguson† was given to the case because the judge at the trial was named John Howard Ferguson.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Judge Ferguson had previously declared that the Separate Car Act was unconstitutional on trains that traveled through several states, but he ruled that within the state, the state government could choose to regulate the railroad companies that operate within their respective state. The ruling was that the judge found Plessy guilty of refusing to leave the white car. Plessy proceeded to appeal to the Supreme Court of Louisiana, which also found him guilty. In 1896, the Supreme Court of the United States heard Plessy’s case and found him guilty once again.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  My view on this particular case sides with Plessy rather than Ferguson. I believe in total equality and the idea of no difference between fellow human beings. There should be no distinction made between that which is for the white man, and that which is for the black man.

Should the minimum age for alcohol consumption in India be reduced?

Dear Honorable Prime Minister Australia call it 18, Canada call it 18, Argentina call it 18. Why not India? I am writing to you to express the views of many Indian citizens under the age of twenty-five as the new law implemented by your government declares that the public consumption of alcohol by anyone under the age of twenty-five is illegal. If young adults in India at the age of eighteen are entrusted with the right to take a bullet for the country; the right to vote for whom they believe should be a potential leader of a billion people; the right to choose their life partners, why shouldn’t they be allowed to buy and consume alcohol in their social environment? Your government claims that the new legislation has been implemented because young adults are not responsible enough, and that keeping them away from alcohol at this tender age will help them lead a better life. In the eyes of your government young men aged 18 must be kept aloof from the temptation of alcohol. But should not the statesmen of our country remember that the forbidden fruit looked sweeter and more luscious to our mother Eve only because it was forbidden? Your government should take a precept from what happened in America in 1919 when the 18th amendment to the U.S. constitution implemented such a ban. Quoting S. B. Duke and A. C. Gross (1993), â€Å"if consumption of alcohol was reduced, it wasn’t by much; the costs of enforcement, in money, corruption, crime, disrespect for the law, alcohol and related poisonings far exceeded, by virtually anyone’s measurements, the tiny gains in alcohol control.†1 in my opinion such a measure is only going to boost the sales of alcohol. What happened in Gujarat is evident. The state with a prohibition saw an upsurge of alcoholism, and the climax came when hundreds of people died after consuming poisoned liquor in 2009. Thus prohibition does not serve anything. Old dogs can indeed learn new tricks. Law experts like advocate Swapnil Kothari said that the age restriction is â€Å"ludicrous, arbitrary and suffers from a vague interpretation of wisdom of youth†. 2 And so far being responsible is concerned I believe that responsibility comes with experience, realization, and social maturity, not just age. Legend has it that force hardly succeeds in giving desired results. It would be foolish to deny that India with its vast population of 1.15 billion, accounting for 17.31% of the world’s population, has, unfortunately, been witness to an increasing alcohol-related death rate per year. However, enacting a law where young people of age 18 can be imprisoned for ‘chugging’ a glass of beer, or ‘downing’ a shot of vodka in a pub is hypocritical because at the same age, here in India people are allowed to start their own enterprises, which include permission to open a club or bar, and work in them. If young adults, as bartenders are allowed to twirl vodka and whiskey bottles in fancy clubs, serve people alcohol all night, but not allowed to take a small sip of what they are serving, is that not hypocritical? If denied permission to drink in public, young adults under the age of twenty-five will not only perceive alcohol to be a â€Å"forbidden fruit†, but also be eager to bite into this â€Å"forbidden fruit†, as they want to see what has been kept away from them. This eagerness may lead young adults into committing serious criminal offences, they may buy fake licenses, or bribe bartenders as well as police! Do we really want the youth of India to indulge in such criminal acts, just for alcohol? A wide consideration should be given to the impact of this restriction on the 18 year olds when they start drinking stealthily to escape the consequences of being caught. Won’t this sneaking out be detrimental to their behavior and morale? In a country where so many rapists are not convicted; killers are not sentenced; jails are jam-packed and murderers are left scot- free, do you really think putting them into jail for such a relatively mediocre crime is an appropriate judgment? It is important for young adults to be familiar with their limitations but by rising the age limit so high does nothing but trigger the curiosity, inquisitiveness and craving for this â€Å"forbidden fruit†. We know young adults drink alcohol anyway, but what is your government doing to help them out? How are you controlling young adults from turning up highly intoxicated to parties? If your government fears excessive drinking at the age of 18, why is no support being provided? What your government can do is install CCTVs in liquor stores, and make harsher punishments for alcohol vendors for serving alcohol to young adults of age 18. According to your government an 18 year old can get married, in that case would the marriage get raided as the couple picks up a glass of champagne to celebrate? Why are 18 year olds barely allowed to their right to freedom of choice and responsibility of their own body and mind? When an 18-year-old woman has the right to marry and beget a child, what stops her from taking a sip of liquor to enjoy the first birthday of her child? Does not the age restriction look absurd in such a case? It is time the politicians understood that prohibition, unless backed by strong and relevant data, does not serve any end; sometimes the reverse may just occur. 1. http://www.albany.edu/~wm731882/18th_amendment_final.html 2. articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com †º Collections †º Alcohol

Separation of Powers (Public Law )

The earliest government which is kingship as we all know of during Normandy times have inevitably becomes corrupt and passes into tyranny. The best men in the community then unseat the tyrant and institute an aristocracy. But their descendants are corrupted by the opportunity to gratify their desires and so become oligarchs. Thereupon the community overthrows the oligarchy and institutes a democracy. Next, the people are debauched by evil leaders, thus the end of the people brings in a monarch once more.It is recommended that the theory of the separation of powers grew out of the older theory of mixed monarchy as expressed by the Greek historian of Rome Polybius whose idea was simple. Instead of having an aristocracy, monarchy or democracy, a combination of any two of these forms of government would suffice to break away from this vicious cycle. However, the theory of the separation of powers as put forward by Montesquieu deals with the branches of government rather than the type of government. Lord Acton believed that ‘Power tends to corrupt and absolute power corrupts absolutely'.Therefore, in order to eradicate the corruption of absolute power, Montesquieu identified three branches of government between which power should be allocated and separated: the executive which takes action to implement the law, defend the nation, conduct foreign affairs and administer internal policies; the legislative which makes law, and the judiciary which applies the law to determine disputes and punish criminals. According to the doctrine of the separation of powers, the executive cannot make law.Neither can the legislative determine disputes or any of the three branches exercise the power of the other. Nor can any one person be a member of any two of the branches. This is in order to protect our emancipation as according to Montesquieu: ‘When the legislative and executive powers are united in the same person, or in the same body of magistrates, there can be no libe rty†¦ there is no liberty if the powers of judging is not separated from the legislative and executive†¦ there would be an end to everything, if the same man or the same body†¦ ere to exercise those three powers. Indeed that might be true and rather desirable. To attain a pure separation of powers in theory is feasible though in practice however is almost impossible. The closest constitutional arrangements to the doctrine of separation of powers are found in the United States of America, is where the Congress is elected separately from the President, the President can veto legislation passed from Congress if one third of the house agrees with him and the Supreme Court can declare the acts non constitutional of both Congress and President.The constitution of the United States is arranged in such a way as to allow a complex system of checks and balances between the three branches of government while maintaining a clear separation of powers between them. However on the o ther side of the Atlantic however ,perhaps due to the history of the evolution of the British constitution and the absence of a codified constitutional text – the emphasis are more on checks and balances rather than a pure separation of powers.Yet, according to Hilaire Barnett, the doctrine of the separation of powers ‘runs like a thread throughout the constitution of the United Kingdom. It might be true that the doctrine of the separation of powers is deeply deep-rooted in our constitutional thought and tradition, but our constitutional arrangements and the implementation of these three powers in practice is far from separate. Sir Ivor Jennings interprets the doctrine of the separation of powers as suggesting that neither branch should execute the powers of the other, not that the three branches should not have any influence over each other.Sir William Blackstone seems to agree to some extend in suggesting that a complete separation of powers may lead to the dominance of the executive by the legislature. In my view it is believed it overlaps between the three branches may be illustrated by the position of Lord Chancellor who is a member of the cabinet while being the head of the judiciary and also chairs the House of Lords when they sit as legislature. The role of the Lord Chancellor is now being reformed by the Constitutional Reform Act 2005 to conform to the theory of the separation of powers.However, some see his role as a voice on behalf of the judiciary and pivotal in order to preserve the independence of the judicial branch. It is also argued that Lord Chancellor serves as a communicative bridge between the judiciary and the executive, especially when in times of pressure between the two branches. Another part being reformed by the Constitutional Reform Act 2005 is the relocation of the House of Lords.Some have been in doubt however that these reforms are merely formal by creating a Supreme Court only so that the House of Lords may be physi cally separate from the legislative body, thus one should also take into account that it is not easy to change a well establish body overnight as it takes time. For instance the Human Rights Act itself took two years to wholly come in to effect after the royal assent or the popular quote the Rome was not built in a day could be applied here.The matters on regards to the change of the House of Lords to Supreme Court are far from being the only overlaps between the three branches of government. The executive and legislature are seen as a ‘close union, nearly a complete fusion of the executive and legislative and this influence of which Baghot views as the efficient secret of the English constitution. Meanwhile, Lord Halisham suggests that the current electoral process which generally returns a government with a large majority of seats in parliament, contributes to an electoral dictatorship.It might be argued that this close union is exactly what Montesquieu warned us against as he states: ‘When the legislative and executive powers are united in the same person, or in the same body of magistrates, there can be no liberty; because apprehensions may arise, lest the same monarch or senate should enact tyrannical laws, to execute them in a tyrannical manner. ‘ The independence of the judiciary however seems to be deeply rooted in our constitution. It is not easy to dismiss a judge and by convention the executive does not criticise the judiciary.Some have argued that the constitutional reform jeopardises this independence due to the introduction of appointing commissions which leaves room for political selection rather than selecting judges on merit. Nonetheless, the judicial branch seems to be not only autonomous, it seems to also perform the functions of the other branches as although the judiciary is only supposed to apply the law, ‘every new meaning conferred on a word, every application of a rule to a new situation, whether by way of statu tory interpretation or under common law, ‘creates' new law.This very function of the judiciary is clearly illustrated by the case of Magor and St. Mellons Rural District Council v Newport Corporation (1965) where Lord Denning's answer to the accusation of Lord Simond of ‘naked usurpation of the legislative function' was: ‘The court, having discovered the intention of Parliament and Ministers too, must proceed to fill in the gaps. What the legislature has not written, the court must write. Barnett sees this as a ‘constitutional partnership' between the legislative and judiciary as when judges make law, Parliament may ‘tactically' approve by not interfering with it. When Parliament disagrees however, as it did when the House of Lords awarded compensation for the properties lost in Burmatic Oil v Lord Advocate (1965), Parliament overrules the decision – in this case by enacting the War Damage Act 1965. The relationship between the judiciary and the executive seems more controversial in the light of the doctrine of separation of powers.This relationship may be shown by the inability of the judiciary to punish a Minister of the Crown as demonstrated in M v Home Office [1994], In which an asylum seeker who was refused asylum applied for a judicial review which he failed. Later, he was advised by his lawyer to make another request for a judicial review on different and stronger grounds while his deportation was in half an hour. The only judge present on that afternoon was Garland J. who heard M's emergency application and asked for M to not be deported until the application could be fully heard; nonetheless M's flight took off.M's lawyers initiated contempt proceedings against the Home Secretary for ignoring the will of the court. This case therefore dealt mainly with whether the courts have any jurisdiction to find a minister of the crown in contempt of the court, which is a criminal offence. Simon Brown J, the judge who heard th e case, stated: ‘reluctant though any court must be to proclaim the crown beyond the reach of its ultimate coercive jurisdiction, it is, I believe, difficult to regard this as a black day for the rule of law or for the liberty of the subject.The court is not abrogating an historic responsibility for the control of executive government. Rather, it is recognising that when it comes to the enforcement of its decisions the relationship between the executive and the judiciary must, in the end, be one of trust. The word Trust! Whatever happened to ‘power tends to corrupt'. However, the ruling was overruled by the House of Lords which concluded, after thirty pages, that while the court has no jurisdiction to find the crown itself in contempt of the court, they have the power to do so for a servant of the crown.However, in the case of a minister of the crown, a mere finding should suffice as the court has no jurisdiction otherwise. Lord Wolf, who drafted the verdict, states that ‘the crown's relationship with the courts does not depend on coercion' hence confirming Simon Brown J's statement that the relationship between the crown and the court is of mere trust. When evaluating the British constitution it would be unwise to ignore the history by which it came to be. It should firstly be noted hat these constitutional arrangements were established one hundred years before Montesquieu wrote The Spirit of Laws, in a time of tension between Parliament and the Crown. Although Montesquieu was absent, there was no lack of eminent thinkers such as Thomas Hobbes and John Locke. According to WB Gwyn ‘no-one has been able to find an explicit statement of the separation of powers before it was discussed in the writings of seventeenth century Englishmen. Apart from that the Judicial Review plays a huge task in keeping the checks and balance of the executive by the judiciary.However, the seventeenth century doctrine of the separation of powers was more concer ned with accountability rather than preserving liberty. Parliament in those early days was keen to hold ministers of the crown under scrutiny, which is perhaps where the idea of ministerial responsibility comes from. It would therefore be safe to suggest that the separation of powers in the British constitution do not derive from the mixed monarchy theory as that is more concerned with the preservation and stability of the ruler rather than the quality of the government.Nor are these constitutional arrangements based on Montesquieu's doctrine of separation of powers, although he popularised the term. Thus the paradigm of the separation of powers in Britain are based on the ‘seventeen century style' separation of powers, which tries to hold a balance between the crown and parliament and allows for power to be used to check on the other powers rather than a formal and complete separation of the three branches in my view which is currently in place.Bibliography * Francis D Wormut h, The Origins of Modern Constitutionalism (New York Harpers, 1949) * MJC Ville , Constitutionalism and the Separation of Powers (Indianapolis 1998 2nd Edition) * Montesquieu, The Sprit of Laws , Translated and edited by Anne Cohler, Basia Miller, Harold Stone. (New York: Cambridge University Press, 1989) * Barnett, Hilaire, Constitutional and Administrative Law, 6th Ed( Routledge- Cavendish) * Commentaries on the Laws of England (1765-1769) Cambridge Law Journal Volume * Bagehot, The English Constitution * http://www. goodreads. com/story/show/31602-separation-of-powers * http://www. megaessays. com/viewpaper/47362. html * http://www. law-essays-uk. com/resources/revision-area/administrative-law/cases/separation-powers-doctrine. php ——————————————– [ 1 ]. Francis D Wormuth, The Origins of Modern Constitutionalism (New York Harpers, 1949) 22 [ 2 ].MJC Ville , Constitutionalism an d the Separation of Powers (Indianapolis 1998 2nd Edition) 36 [ 3 ]. Montesquieu, The Sprit of Laws , Translated and edited by Anne Cohler, Basia Miller, Harold Stone. (New York: Cambridge University Press, 1989) [ 4 ]. The Constitution of United States of America, Article II,III [ 5 ]. Barnett, Hilaire, Constitutional and Administrative Law, 6th Ed( Routledge- Cavendish) 105 [ 6 ]. Commentaries on the Laws of England (1765-1769), Volume 1 [ 7 ]. 17-330, Cambridge Law Journal Volume 63, No. 2 [ 8 ]. Bagehot, The English Constitution ,1867 ,67 [ 9 ]. Bagehot, The English Constitution ,1867,68 [ 10 ]. Albert Venn Dicey, John Humprey Carlile Moris, Dicey and Moris on the Conflicts of Laws, 129 [ 11 ]. Barnett, Hilaire, Constitutional and Administrative Law [ 12 ]. Ibid [ 13 ]. Gwyn, W. B,The Meaning of the Separation of Powers ,The Hague: Martinus Nijhoff, (1965),9 [ 14 ]. Sarah Barber , Regicide and Republicanism, Edinburgh University Press, 13-14

Business Health Check Essays

Business Health Check Essays Business Health Check Essay Business Health Check Essay Analyses the objective a selected service industry (Hotel, Restaurant )(AC. 1) Discuss about the development of hospitality industry based on the industry objectives in context of a chosen hospitality organization) MI : Identify tourism and hospitality development network and explain how they serve to achieve the industry objectives. (Make sure you illustrate your answers with examples from hospitality industry Hotel, restaurant, Travel Tourism, Theme parks) PA. Explain factors that impact on a selected service industry business. AC. 2) (You are required to analyses the indirect and direct effects in which a chosen hospitality organization operates, analyses the environment in a selected arrive Industry) ODL : Imagine you are the Business manager who has been asked to formulate a strategy in line with the environmental changes of tourism and hospitality Sector in ASK. What strategies and policies you would recommend? (Make sure you illustrate your answers with examples from hospital ity industry Hotel, restaurant, Travel Tourism, Theme parks) PA. Determine potential improvements to a selected service industry business. (AC 1. 3) (You are required to support your assessment with the help of operational activities in line with the trend of operations in the hospitality sector e. G. The production line approach and the customer participation approach and its effects on the organizations) PA. Review the effectiveness of a selected service industry business. (AC. 1) (You are required to support your assessment with the help of current service and performance measurement in the modern people centered industry of your choice) AS. Develop plans to improve the elected service industry business, justifying their value. (AC. 2)(You are ARQ aired to support your assessment with the help of service quality and customer retention based on the perpetual map in the odder people centered industry of your choice ) Task two: pass, Merit and Distinction Criteria Questions (1_03) Answer the following is a scenario (Essay format) Task three: Pass, Merit and Distinction Criteria Questions (ALL) Answer the following is a scenario (Class room activity) Scenario Investing in people: at what cost? Amanda Scott, then General Manager of the Copter Hotel in Glasgow, suggests that in many respects lip embodied what any good manager should be doing investing in their people. However, she also outlined a number of criticisms. Many companies that have attained the lip Standard often already eave good HRS systems and procedures in place so gaining the award may simply be nothing more than a bagging process. Moreover it is a bagging process that generates a lot of paperwork and bureaucracy, with the awarding body often using obscure and confusing jargon. She also suggests that the cost of lip accreditation may well be prohibitive, As a management model it can deliver, but in my opinion EH for the privilege of a branding exercise cannot be justified. It if was my personal money? I dont think so. This latter point concerning the costly nature of lip accreditation could be articulacy important for smaller companies who predominate in tourism and hospitality. The CHIP has recently estimated that the total cost of seeking lip is between EH-EYE 000 depending On the size of the Organization and how much consultancy support the organization uses. Derived from Scott (1999); CHIP (2006). Class room Activity: PA. Devise and justify plans for the development of skills for management and staff in a selected service industry business. (AC. 2) (This is a class activity and once the activity is carried out by the tutor then type the class activity and attach it with your assignment) MGM: Review the demand supply of labor based on occupation in the context of your chosen hospitality organization. DO: Describe the overall objectives of your chosen hospitality organization, and demonstrate the current workforce position. Conclusions Recommendations You are required to write conclusions to your assignment. The conclusion allows you to have the final say on the issues you have raised in your assignment, to summarize your thoughts, to demonstrate the importance of your ideas, and to propel your reader to a new view of the subject. It is also our opportunity to make a good final impression and to end on a positive note. Your conclusion can go beyond the confines of the assignment. The conclusion pushes beyond the boundaries of the prompt and allows you to consider broader issues, make new connections, and elaborate on the significance of your find nags. Note: To achieve a Merit, your work must show evidence of all three Ms i. E. MI /MM/ MM. Not just the examples given above. To achieve a Distinction, your work must show evidence of ALL three Ads Achievement of Pass, Merit and Distinction Grade Achievement of a Pass grade: A pass grade is achieved by meeting all the requirements defined in the assessment criteria for pass for each unit. Achievement Of a merit grade To achieve a merit grade you must achieve a pass grade and also your essay/ assignment/coursework demonstrates your abilities and skills in the following areas: MI identify and apply strategies to find appropriate solutions Unselect/ design and apply appropriate methods/ techniques MM present and communicate appropriate findings Grade Descriptors: Merit Indicative Characteristics MI Identify and apply strategies to find appropriate solutions effective judgments have been made complex problems with more than one variable have been explored an effective approach to study and research has been applied MM Select/design and apply appropriate methods/techniques relevant theories and techniques have been applied a range Of methods and techniques have been applied a range of sources of information has been used the selection of methods and techniques/sources has been justified the design of methods/techniques has been justified complex information/data has been s ynthesized and processed appropriate learning methods/techniques have been applied VI Present and communicate appropriate findings the appropriate structure and approach has been used coherent, logical development of principles/concepts for the intended audience a range of methods of presentation have been used and technical language has been accurately used communication has taken place in familiar and unfamiliar contexts The communication is appropriate for familiar and unfamiliar audiences and appropriate media have been used. Achievement of a distinction grade TO achieve a merit grade you must achieve merit grade and also your essay/ ODL: use critical reflection to evaluate own work and justify valid conclusions Take responsibility for managing and organizing activities DO demonstrate convergent/lateral/ creative thinking Structure and Format for report writing, essay format and class room activity (Assignment) You are advised to use the following format Title page -? The details of author, circulation, purpose of submission and date. Contents -? With page numbers. Introduction -? The background, the issue and the aim of the investigation. With headings and sub-headings clearly showing who ICC assessment criteria overfed e. G. (AC 1. 1) Conclusions -? Overall findings of the investigation: the overall picture that has emerged and the implications. References _ Identification of literature and other sources used and referred to in the text. Appendix A: Plagiarism and Collusion Any act of plagiarism and collusion will be seriously dealt with according to the regulations. In this context the definition and scope of plagiarism are presented below: Using the work of others without acknowledging source of information or inspiration. Even if the words are changed or sentences are put in different order, the result is still plagiarism. (Cornell 2003) Collusion describes as the submission of work produced in collaboration for an assignment based on the assessment of individual work. When one person shares his/her work with others who submit part or all of it as their own work. Appendix B: Harvard Referencing System Any information that is not yours needs to be referenced or else turns to be plagiarism. Copying from someones work can be unintentionally if you are unaware of the rules of acknowledging and referencing direct quotations. The Harvard system of citation requires you to acknowledge certain information which are mainly the surname and year of publication within the text.

Planning Personal Finance Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Planning Personal Finance - Essay Example anced understanding with respect to the manner through which personal financial decision-making is affected as well as the tactics and tools that can and should be integrated with at each and every stage of the financial planning cycle of the individual investor (Irving, 2012). Of all of the understandings that will be represented within this brief analysis, perhaps the most important is with respect to understanding the fact that the most relevant financial products that should be considered at every stage of life are neither uniform nor static. What is meant by this is that the changes in the overall financial outlook of the individual investor, the changes in career, the changes in wealth, the changes in savings, the focus upon different aspects of resources, and the manner through which all of these focuses evolve throughout the lifetime of the individual investor. The first and most obvious stage of the typical financial lifecycle of an individual is with regards to early childhood. Within this particular stage, few if any resources exist for the individual to promote their own financial independence and the future. However, within this particular stage, the individual is presented with an understanding of the value of money and needs to which it can be earned, state, and instruments such as interest can be engaged as a means of maximizing the overall amount of money that the individual has. Rather than merely glossing over this particular stage of financial lifecycle development, it is extraordinarily important that stakeholders within society seeks to engender a level of understanding within young people of this demographic that money has been innate and tacit value that must be understood and appreciated. Moreover, by choosing to make wise financial decisions, the value and overall utility that the money can bring to the individual is also a tool that can be understood and utilized within this particular period of life (O’Neill, 2011). Whereas many

Requirements For Effective Business Writing Essay

Requirements For Effective Business Writing - Essay Example Conciseness refers to the ability of a person to use necessary and summarized words to address a particular problem. This element is mandatory in business writing. In addition, the audience intended for a piece of information dictates the form of conciseness that may be used by the writer. When writing to managers one should be as concise as possible. In addition, one should ensure the summary of their words addresses effectively the intent of the information provided. However, conciseness may be limited when relaying information to fellow employees. Additionally, the information may include instructions and details must be included. Information provided to the authority is mostly requests and recommendations which should be concise and necessary. For example, when addressing my department head the body of my letter may just include, â€Å"Kindly note that there is a deficit in the finances provided to enable my project competition. Kindly consider increasing the financial contribut ion†. The connection between the intended audience and the organization in business writing bear similar significance. In the organization setting, there is a large quantity of information conveyed on a daily basis. For instance, memos are addressed to specific audiences in the organization to which the information is relevant. In addition, the person from whom a message is from should be included. The provision of information to authoritative should be addressed with titles. For instance, I may write.